Cymraeg · Rhagenwau Arddodiadol
In Celtic languages like Welsh, prepositions combine with personal pronouns to form single inflected words called prepositional pronouns (Rhagenwau Arddodiadol). They are essential for expressing possession, physical states, emotions, and movement.
Quick Jump to Preposition (12 total):
About (topic), for (duration/time)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | amdanaf | amdanaf i | about me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | amdanat | amdanat ti | about you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | amdano | amdano fe | about him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | amdani | amdani hi | about her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | amdanom | amdanom ni | about us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | amdanoch | amdanoch chi | about you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | amdanynt | amdanynt hwy | about them |
On (surfaces), states/conditions
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | arnaf | arnaf i | on me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | arnat | arnat ti | on you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | arno | arno fe | on him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | arni | arni hi | on her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | arnom | arnom ni | on us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | arnoch | arnoch chi | on you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | arnynt | arnynt hwy | on them |
Direction towards, to a person (South Welsh preference)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | ataf | ataf i | to me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | atat | atat ti | to you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | ato | ato fe | to him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | ati | ati hi | to her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | atom | atom ni | to us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | atoch | atoch chi | to you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | atynt | atynt hwy | to them |
Under, beneath (South Welsh variant of tan/o dan)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | danaf | danaf i | under me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | danat | danat ti | under you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | dano | dano fe | under him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | dani | dani hi | under her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | danom | danom ni | under us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | danoch | danoch chi | under you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | danynt | danynt hwy | under them |
Possession (mae gyda fi), by (agent), with
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | gennyf | gennyf i | with me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | gennyt | gennyt ti | with you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | ganddo | ganddo fe | with him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | ganddi | ganddi hi | with her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | gennym | gennym ni | with us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | gennych | gennych chi | with you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | ganddynt | ganddynt hwy | with them |
Without, lacking
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | hebddaf | hebdda i | without me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | hebddat | hebddat ti | without you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | hebddo | hebddo fe | without him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | hebddi | hebddi hi | without her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | hebddom | hebddon ni | without us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | hebddoch | hebddoch chi | without you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | hebddynt | hebddyn nhw | without them |
Indirect object, to/for a person (North Welsh preference)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | imi | i mi | to me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | iti | i ti | to you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | iddo | iddo fe | to him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | iddi | iddi hi | to her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | inni | i ni | to us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | ichi | i chi | to you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | iddynt | iddynt hwy | to them |
Origin, from (a place or person), of
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | ohonaf | ohona i | from me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | ohonat | ohonat ti | from you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | ohono | ohono fe | from him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | ohoni | ohoni hi | from her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | ohonom | ohonom ni | from us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | ohonoch | ohonoch chi | from you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | ohonynt | ohonynt hwy | from them |
Through (physical or figurative)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | trwof | trwof i | through me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | trwot | trwot ti | through you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | trwyddo | trwyddo fe | through him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | trwyddi | trwyddi hi | through her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | trwom | trwom ni | through us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | trwoch | trwoch chi | through you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | trwyddynt | trwyddynt hwy | through them |
By (next to), telling/speaking to, at (activity)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | wrthaf | wrtha i | by me / to me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | wrthat | wrthat ti | by you / to you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | wrtho | wrtho fe | by him / to him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | wrthi | wrthi hi | by her / to her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | wrthym | wrthym ni | by us / to us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | wrthych | wrthych chi | by you (pl) / to you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | wrthynt | wrthynt hwy | by them / to them |
In (location), predicative particle
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | ynof | ynof i | in me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | ynot | ynot ti | in you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | ynddo | ynddo fe | in him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | ynddi | ynddi hi | in her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | ynom | ynom ni | in us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | ynoch | ynoch chi | in you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | ynddynt | ynddynt hwy | in them |
Between (two or more things/people)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | rhyngddaf | rhyngdda i | between me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | rhyngddat | rhyngddat ti | between you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | rhyngddo | rhyngddo fe | between him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | rhyngddi | rhyngddi hi | between her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | rhyngddom | rhyngddon ni | between us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | rhyngddoch | rhyngddoch chi | between you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | rhyngddynt | rhyngddyn nhw | between them |
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