Gaeilge · Forainmneacha Réamhfhoclacha
In Celtic languages like Irish, prepositions combine with personal pronouns to form single inflected words called prepositional pronouns (Forainmneacha Réamhfhoclacha). They are essential for expressing possession, physical states, emotions, and movement.
Quick Jump to Preposition (15 total):
Possession (tá X agam), progressive (ag + VN)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | agam | agamsa | at me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | agat | agatsa | at you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | aige | aigesean | at him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | aici | aicise | at her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | againn | againne | at us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | agaibh | agaibhse | at you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | acu | acusan | at them |
States/emotions (tá ocras orm), on surfaces
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | orm | ormsa | on me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | ort | ortsa | on you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | air | airsean | on him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | uirthi | uirthise | on her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | orainn | orainne | on us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | oraibh | oraibhse | on you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | orthu | orthusan | on them |
Origin, from (place), out of
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | asam | asamsa | out of me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | asat | asatsa | out of you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | as | assean | out of him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | aisti | aistise | out of her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | asainn | asainne | out of us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | asaibh | asaibhse | out of you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | astu | astusan | out of them |
Direction towards a person or place
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | chugam | chugamsa | to me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | chugat | chugatsa | to you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | chuige | chuigesean | to him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | chuici | chuicise | to her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | chugainn | chugainne | to us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | chugaibh | chugaibhse | to you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | chucu | chucusan | to them |
Partitive, removal, made of
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | díom | díomsa | of me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | díot | díotsa | of you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | de | desean | of him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | di | dise | of her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | dínn | dínne | of us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | díbh | díbhse | of you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | díobh | díobhsan | of them |
Indirect object, giving, for someone
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | dom | domsa | to me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | duit | duitse | to you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | dó | dósan | to him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | di | dise | to her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | dúinn | dúinne | to us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | daoibh | daoibhse | to you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | dóibh | dóibhsean | to them |
Under (physical), about (topic)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | fúm | fúmsa | under/about me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | fút | fútsa | under/about you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | faoi | faoisean | under/about him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | fúithi | fúithise | under/about her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | fúinn | fúinne | under/about us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | fúibh | fúibhse | under/about you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | fúthu | fúthusan | under/about them |
Location in, inside
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | ionam | ionamsa | in me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | ionat | ionatsa | in you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | ann | annsean | in him/it | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | inti | intise | in her/it | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | ionainn | ionainne | in us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | ionaibh | ionaibhse | in you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | iontu | iontusan | in them |
Accompaniment, opinion (is maith liom), ownership (le + noun)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | liom | liomsa | with me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | leat | leatsa | with you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | leis | leisean | with him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | léi | léise | with her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | linn | linne | with us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | libh | libhse | with you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | leo | leosan | with them |
Origin, since, from (a person or place)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | uaim | uaimse | from me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | uait | uaitse | from you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | uaidh | uaidhsean | from him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | uaithi | uaithise | from her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | uainn | uainne | from us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | uaibh | uaibhse | from you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | uathu | uathusan | from them |
Before (time or position), in front of
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | romham | romhamsa | before me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | romhat | romhatsa | before you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | roimhe | roimhesean | before him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | roimpi | roimpise | before her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | romhainn | romhainne | before us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | romhaibh | romhaibhse | before you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | rompu | rompusan | before them |
Past, over, beyond (physical or figurative)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | tharam | tharamsa | past me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | tharat | tharatsa | past you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | thairis | thairisean | past him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | thairsti | thairstise | past her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | tharainn | tharainne | past us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | tharaibh | tharaibhse | past you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | tharstu | tharstusan | past them |
Through (physical or figurative)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | tríom | tríomsa | through me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | tríot | tríotsa | through you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | tríd | trídsean | through him/it | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | tríthi | tríthise | through her/it | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | trínn | trínne | through us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | tríbh | tríbhse | through you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | tríothu | tríothusan | through them |
Around (time), about (topic, literary)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | umam | umamsa | about/around me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | umat | umatsa | about/around you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | uime | uimesean | about/around him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | uimpi | uimpise | about/around her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | umainn | umainne | about/around us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | umaibh | umaibhse | about/around you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | umpu | umpusan | about/around them |
Between (plural only — no singular prepositional pronouns)
| Person | Standard Form | Emphatic Form | Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular (I / me) | idir mé | idir mise | between me | |
| 2nd Singular (You) | idir tú | idir tusa | between you | |
| 3rd Singular Masc. (He / him) | idir é | idir eisean | between him | |
| 3rd Singular Fem. (She / her) | idir í | idir ise | between her | |
| 1st Plural (We / us) | eadrainn | eadrainne | between us | |
| 2nd Plural (You pl.) | eadraibh | eadraibhse | between you (pl) | |
| 3rd Plural (They / them) | eatarthu | eatarthusan | between them |
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