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chwerw

bitter

AdjectiveC2/ˈχwɛru/

"chwerw" means "bitter" in Welsh (adjective). Pronounced /ˈχwɛru/. Mutation forms: Treiglad Meddal → ghwerw, Treiglad Trwynol → nghhwerw, Treiglad Llaes → chhwerw.

Mutation forms

In Welsh, the first letter of "chwerw" changes depending on the grammatical context. These are the mutated forms:

MutationForm
Base formchwerw
Treiglad Meddalghwerw
Treiglad Trwynolnghhwerw
Treiglad Llaeschhwerw

"chwerw" in context

Mae blas chwerw i'r coffi hwn.

This coffee has a bitter taste.

B2

Mae gan y coffi hwn flas chwerw.

This coffee has a bitter taste.

B2

Maent wedi galw newidiadau i dreth etifeddiant yn 'frad'; rheolau i leihau llygredd afonydd yn 'gosbol a didrugaredd'; ac rwyf wedi colli cyfrif ar nifer y 'ergydion chwerw' a ddisgrifiwyd ganddynt.

They’ve called changes to inheritance tax 'a betrayal'; rules to reduce river pollution, 'punitive and draconian'; and I've lost count of the number of 'bitter blows' that they’ve described.

C1

Further reading

Welsh Mutations Explained — Soft, Nasal & Aspirate →Welsh Pronunciation — It's Actually Easier Than English →How to Learn Welsh as an Adult — A Step-by-Step Roadmap →Best Apps to Learn Welsh (2026) →Browse all Welsh vocabulary →

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sweet

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